The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam

Part One: Post-Classical Philosophy In Its Islamic Context -- First Chapter: Khorasan, the Birthplace of Post-Classical Philosophy: A Country in Decline? -- Second Chapter: The Death of as a Self-Description of Philosophy -- Third Chapter: Philosophy and the Power of the Religious Law -- Part Two: Philosophers and Philosophies – A Biographical History of Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century Islamic East -- Part Three: The Formation of hikma As a New Philosophical Genre -- First Chapter: Books and Their Teachings -- First Perspective: Teachings on Epistemology -- Second Perspective: Teachings on Ontology and Theology -- Second Chapter: Books and Their Genre -- Third Chapter: Books and Their Method

"This is a comprehensive study of the far-reaching changes that led to a re-shaping of the philosophical discourse in Islam during the sixth/twelfth century. Whereas earlier Western scholars thought that Islam's engagement with the tradition of Greek philosophy ended during that century, more recent analyses suggest its integration into the genre of rationalist Muslim theology (kalam). This book proposes a third view about the fate of philosophy in Islam. It argues that in addition to this integration, Muslim theologians picked up the discourse of philosophy in Islam (falsafa) and began to produce books on philosophy. Written by the same authors, books in these two genres, kalām and philosophy, argue for opposing teachings on the nature of God, the world's creation, and on the afterlife. This study explains the emergence of a new genre of philosophical books called "hikma" that stand opposed to Islamic theology and at the same wishes to complement it. Offering a detailed history of philosophy in Iraq, Iran, and Central Asia during the sixth/twelfth century together with an analysis of the circumstances of practicing philosophy during this time, this study can show how reports of falsafa, written by major Muslim theologians such as al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111), developed step-by-step into critical assessments of philosophy that try to improve philosophical teachings, and eventually become fully fledged philosophical summas in the work of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1210). The book ends in a discussion of the different methods of kalam and hikma and the coherence and ambiguity of a Muslim post-classical philosopher's œuvre." --Provided by publisher.