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020			_z97881503634688
040			_aDLC _beng _cNVIC _erda
100	1		_aElizabeth R. Williams
245	1	0	_aStates of Cultivation: _bImperial Transition and Scientific Agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean
264		1	_aStanford, California : _bStanford University Press, _c2023
300			_a425 p., _bill.; _c24 cm
490	1		_aStanford Ottoman World Series
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505	0		_aProvincial legibility and ecologies of extraction : agrarian networks and the making of late Ottoman rural state space -- "Agriculture from a book" : "scientific" agriculture in the Ottoman eastern Mediterranean -- The trials and tribulations of tractors : from Ottoman provinces to French mandate states -- The politics of agricultural expertise and education : exerting rural influence under the French mandate -- Of mice, Sunn bugs, drought, and taxation : the pests of mandate rural administration and the crisis of the 1930s.
520			_a"The final decades of the Ottoman Empire and the period of the French mandate in Syria and Lebanon coincided with a critical period of transformation in agricultural technologies and administration. Chemical fertilizers and mechanized equipment inspired model farms while government officials and technocratic elites pursued new land tenure, credit-lending, and tax collection policies to maximize revenue. These policies transformed rural communities and environments and were central to projects of reform and colonial control--as well as to resistance of that control. States of Cultivation examines the processes and effects of agrarian transformation over more than a century as Ottoman, Syrian, Lebanese, and French officials grappled with these new technologies, albeit with different end goals. Elizabeth Williams investigates the increasingly fragmented natures produced by these contrasting priorities and the results of their intersection with regional environmental limits. Not only did post-World War I policies realign the economic space of the mandate states, but they shaped an agricultural legacy that continued to impact Syria and Lebanon post-independence. With this book, Williams offers the first comprehensive account of the shared technocratic ideals that animated these policies and the divergent imperial goals that not only reshaped the region's agrarian institutions, but produced representations of the region with repercussions well beyond the mandate's end"-- _cProvided by publisher.
650		0	_aAgriculture and state _zSyria _xHistory _y20th century
650		0	_aAgriculture and state _zLebanon _xHistory _y20th century
650		0	_aAgricultural innovations _zSyria _xHistory _y20th century
650		0	_aAgricultural innovations _zLebanon _xHistory _y20th century
650		0	_aImperialism and science _zSyria _xHistory _y20th century
650		0	_aImperialism and science _zLebanon _xHistory _y20th century
651		0	_aSyria _xHistory _yFrench occupation, 1918-1946
651		0	_aLebanon _xHistory _yFrench occupation, 1918-1946
830		0	_aStanford Ottoman World Series
942			_2ddc _cBK
999			_c16263 _d16263